Differential Single-Phase Inverters With Active Power Decoupling: A Survey

This paper provides an overview of differential single-phase inverter topologies with active power decoupling (APD) and their main control techniques. Owing to the advantage achieving APD without additional semiconductor devices, thus boosting reliability at a minimum cost, these have gained increasing interest, especially for small-scale photovoltaic applications. Therefore, in this study, we consider it essential synthesize inverters, operating principles, provide unified mathematical description each topology. The study identified analyzed three structures: buck, boost, buck–boost, derived topologies. First, comparative analysis, including hardware assessment terms DC-link voltage requirements, current stresses on switches, losses, shows performance various under different parameters (e.g., input capacitance). Second, discusses strategies applied class inverters achieve both primary (autonomous or grid-connected operation) functions, while highlighting development algorithms that are less dependent parameter variations more robust external disturbances. Finally, need further research improvement particularly context emerging technologies, such as high-speed switches wide-bandgap semiconductors) advanced techniques, is emphasized.